LESSON 25
AORIST PASSIVE PARTICIPLE

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Lexical Study

1. Both first and second aorist passive participles are declined like the pattern above
   1. There is no augment in the front
   2. First Aorist Passive Participles have a θ as a tense suffix
   3. Second Aorist Passive Participles do not have the θ
   4. The kind of action is punctiliar
   5. The time of action is prior to that of the main verb
   6. The voice indicates that the subject receives the action
2. In the Predicate position (without the article) translate λυθείς as after being loosed
3. In the Attributive position (with the article) translate ὁ λυθείς as the one who
   1. ὁ λυθεὶς ἄνθρωπος ἐξῆλθεν ἐκ τοῦ οἴκου
   2. The man who was loosed went out of the house.
   3. The man who had been loosed went out of the house.
   4. σωθεὶς δοξάσει τὸν κύριον
   5. Having been saved, he will praise the Lord.
   6. After he has been saved, he will praise the Lord.
4. Summary of translating participles

   Predicate position (no 'the')

   	Present		Aorist
   Active	λύων	loosing; while loosing; as he was loosing	λύσας	having loosed; after he had loosed
   Middle	λυόμενος	loosing for himself; while loosing for himself; as he was loosing for himself	λυσάμενος	having loosed for himself; after he had loosed for himself
   Passive	λυόμενος	being loosed; while being loosed; as he was being loosed	λυθείς	having been loosed; after he was loosed; after he had been loosed

   
   

   Attributive position ('the')

   	Present		Aorist
   Active	ὁ λύων	he who looses; the one who looses	ὁ λύσας	he who loosed; he who had loosed
   Middle	ὁ λυόμενος	he who looses for himself; the one who looses for himself	ὁ λυσάμενος	he who loosed for himself; he who had loosed for himself
   Passive	ὁ λυόμενος	he who is being loosed; the one who is being loosed	ὁ λυθείς	he who was loosed; he who had been loosed

Genitive Absolute

1. A special Greek construction which is used to distinguish the subject of the participle which is different from the subject of the main verb.
2. In English, confusion results from what is called a dangling participle
   1. After eating our lunch, the boat departed.
   2. The intention of this sentence is that we ate our lunch and then the boat departed; but as it is worded, it sounds as though the boat ate our lunch.
   3. The distinction is obvious in that sentence, but how about this one:
      1. After eating my lunch, Bill departed. Did I eat my lunch, or did Bill eat my lunch?
3. In Greek, the confusion is removed by putting the subject of the participle and the participle itself into the Genitive case, while the subject of the main verb stays in the Nominative case.
   1. Consider this sentence:
      1. εἰπόντες ταῦτα οἱ ἀπόστολοι ἀπῆλθον After they said these things, the apostles went away.
      2. ἀπόστολοι is the subject of the verb ἀπῆλθον and it has a direct relation to the participle εἰπόντες.
      3. So the subject of the verb is also the subject of the participle.
   2. Consider this sentence:
      1. εἰπόντων ταῦτα τῶν μαθητῶν οἱ ἀπόστολοι ἀπῆλον. After the disciples said these things, the apostles went away.
      2. The subject of the verb is ἀπόστολοι
      3. The subject of the participle εἰπόντων is μαθητῶν
      4. To avoid confusion of subjects, the subject of the participle is put into the Genitive case (and so is the participle).
      5. In this construction, don’t translate it: Of saying these things of the disciples, the apostles went away.
      6. When you see the participle and noun in the Genitive case, translate it as a statement where the noun is the subject of the participle.
   3. The problem with the boat eating our lunch is solved this way:
      1. φαξάνων ἡμῶν τὸν δεῖπνον, τὸ πλοῖον ἀπῆλθε
      2. After we ate our lunch, the boat departed.
      3. Both ἡμῶν and φαξάνων are in the Genitive case, thus "we" is the subject of the participle.
   4. Example:
      1. λέγοντος αὐτοῦ ταῦτα ἀπῆλθον. While he was saying these things, I went away.
      2. Both λέγοντος αὐτοῦ are in the Genitive to distinguish that "he" is doing the saying and "I" is doing the going.
   5. Example:
      1. εἶδον αὐτὸν λέγοντα ταῦτα. I saw him while he was saying these things.
      2. The subject of the main verb is different from the person doing the saying.
      3. However, the Genitive Absolute is not used because the participle has no direct grammatical relation to the rest of the sentence.
      4. The participle is in the Accusative case to agree with the pronoun which it modifies.
   6. ταῦτα εἰπόντων τῶν μαθητῶν οἱ δοῦλοι ἦλθον εἰς τὸν οἶκον After the disciples said these things, the slaves went into the house.
   7. γενομένης ἡμέρας οἱ ποιμένες ἀπῆλθον When the day came, the shepherds went away.
   8. αὐτοῦ λέγοντος ταῦτα οἱ δοῦλοι ἀπῆλθον While he was saying these things the slaves went away.

Translate the following:

1. εἰσελθόντων τῶν μαθητῶν εἰς τὸ πλοῖον, ὁ κύριος ἀπῆλθεν εἰς τὸ ὄρος.
2. πιστευσάντων ὑμῶν εἰς τὸν χριστόν, τὰ τέκνα ὑμῶν καὶ ἐπίστευσεν.
3. εἰπόντος ταῦτα τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος, ἐκήρυξαν τὸ εὐαγγέλιον οἱ ἀπόστολοι.
4. ἀκουσθέντος τοῦ λόγου τὸ ὄνομα τοῦ θεοῦ ἐδοξάσθη καὶ ἐν τῇ συναγωγῇ καὶ ἐν τῇ ἐκκλησίᾳ.
5. αὕτη ἐστὶν ἡ σωτηρία ἡ κηρυχθεῖσα ἐν τῷ κόσμῳ ὑπὸ τῶν ἰδόντων ̓Ιησοῦν.
6. ἀναλημφθέντος τοῦ κυρίου εἰς οὐρανὸν οἱ μαθηταὶ εἰσῆλθον εἰς τὴν πόλιν κατὰ τὴν ἐντολὴν αὐτοῦ.
7. οἱ ἀπόστολοι ἀπεστάλησαν εἰς τὰς συναγωγάς, οἱ δὲ λοιποὶ τῶν μαθητῶν μένουσιν ἐν τῇ ἐκκλησίᾳ.
8. ἐπελθόντος τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος ἐπʼ αὐτοὺς ἔλαβον δύναμιν.
9. ταῦτα εἰπὼν βλεπόντων αὐτῶν ἀνελήμφθη ἀπὸ τῶν ὀφθαλμῶν αὐτῶν εἰς οὐρανόν.
10. μακάριός ἐστιν ὁ ἰδὼν τὴν σωτηρίαν τοῦ θεοῦ.
11. καθαρισθέντες ἀπὸ τῶν ἐπιθυμιῶν καὶ τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν ἡμῶν ἐβαπτίσθημεν εἰς τὸ ὄνομα τοῦ πατρὸς, τοῦ υἱοῦ, καὶ τοῦ πνεύματος τοῦ ἁγίου.
12. οἱ ἅγιοι συνάγουσι τοὺς ἁμαρτωλοὺς εἰς τὴν ἐκκλησίαν.
13. λέγοντος αὐτοῦ ταῦτα εἶδον τὴν ἀλήθειαν τῆς ἀγάπης τοῦ θεοῦ.
14. τοῖς θεραπευθεῖσιν ὑπὸ τοῦ χριστοῦ εἴπετε ῥήματα ἐλπίδος καὶ ζωῆς.