LESSON 16
FUTURE ACTIVE and MIDDLE VERBS

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Vocabulary

Greek	Meaning	Notes
ἄξω	I shall lead	future of ἄγω
ἀκούσω	I shall hear	future of ἀκούω
βλέψω	I shall see	future of βλέπω
σώσω	I shall save	future of σώζω
γενήσομαι	I shall become	future of γίνομαι
γνώσομαι	I shall know	future of γινώσκω
ἐλεύσομαι	I shall come, go	future of ἔρχομαι
λήψομαι	I shall take	future of λαμβάνω
ἐρῶ	I shall say	future of λέγω
ἐνώπιον + Gen	before
ἔξω	without
εὐθύς	immediately
ἤ	or

Future Tense

Future active indicative of λύω

Singular		Plural
λύσω	I shall loose	λύσομεν	we shall loose
λύσεις	you will loose	λύσετε	you will loose
λύσει	he (she, it) will loose	λύσουσι	they will loose

Future middle indicative of λύω
(but not the passive)

Singular		Plural
λύσομαι	I shall loose myself	λυσόμεθα	we shall loose ourselves
λύσῃ	you will loose yourself	λύσεσθε	you will loose yourselves
λύσεται	he will loose himself	λύσονται	they will loose themselves

1. To create the future for many verbs
   1. add σ to the end of the stem.
   2. Then add the endings of the present active or the present middle.
   3. When the stem ends in a consonant, there is sometimes a change when σ is added.
      1. When the stem ends in a liquid, the σ is dropped and the ω is accented
         1. λ+σ=λ
         2. μ+σ=μ
         3. ν+σ=ν (μένω becomes μενῶ)
         4. ρ+σ=ρ
      2. When the stem ends in a mute, the result are as follows:
         1. Palatal κ+σ, γ+σ, χ+σ = ξ (ἄγω becomes ἄξω)
         2. Labial π+σ, β+σ, φ+σ = ψ (βλέπω becomes βλέψω)
         3. Dental τ+σ, δ+σ, θ+σ = dental drops out (πείθω becomes πείσω)
         4. Sibilant ζ+σ, ξ+σ, σ+σ, ψ+σ = σ first sibilant drops out (σώζω becomes σώσω)
   4. Some future stems are entirely different from the present stems.
      1. The verb stem of γινώσκω is γνω-; therefore the future stem will be γνωσ-
      2. The verb stem of κηρύσσω is κηρυκ-; the future stem will be κηρυξ- (from κηρυκσ-)
      3. The verb stem of βαπτίζω is βαπτιδ-; the future stem will be βαπτισ- (from βαπτιδσ- where the dental drops out as mentioned above).
2. Some verbs are active in the present tense, but deponent in the future tense.
   1. This means that a verb might have an active and middle/passive form in the present tense, but in the future tense, the active form is missing.
   2. Instead, the middle form has an active meaning (and no longer has a middle meaning).
   3. For example:
      1. λαμβάνω means I receive
      2. but there is no future active form.
      3. Instead λήψομαι (the middle form) means I shall receive
      4. not I shall receive myself.
   4. Also:
      1. γινώσκω means I know
      2. but there is no future active form.
      3. Instead γνώσομαι (the middle form) means I shall know
      4. not I shall know myself
3. The future tense indicates something that happens or will happen in the future.
   1. The kind of action may be either punctiliar or linear as the context will indicate.
   2. In most instances it is punctiliar
   3. Greek has a special construction to indicate continuous action called the periphrastic future which we will study in a future lesson.

Future indicative of εἰμί

Singular		Plural
ἔσομαι	I shall be	ἐσόμεθα	we shall be
ἔσῃ	you will be	ἔσεσθε	you will be
ἔσται	he (she, it) will be	ἔσονται	they will be

VERB IDENTIFICATION

1. Ask yourself the following questions:
   1. Does it have an augment?
      1. Yes, then it is a past tense.
         1. Does it have -ν, -ς, none, -μεν, -τε, -ν (or -σαν)?
            1. Yes, it is imperfect active
            2. No, it is imperfect middle/passive
      2. No, then it is present tense or future tense
         1. Does it have the σ after the stem?
            1. Yes, it is Future
               1. Does it have the active endings?
                  1. If yes, it is future indicative active.
                  2. If no, then it is future indicative middle/passive.
            2. No, it is Present
               1. Does it have the active endings?
                  1. If yes, it is present indicative active.
                  2. If no, then it is present indicative middle/passive.
   

Translate the following:

1. ὁ χριστὸς ἄξει τοὺς μαθητὰς αὐτοῦ εἰς τὴν ὁδὸν τῆς ἀγάπης.
2. ἐν ἐκείνῃ τῇ ἡμέρᾳ ὁ μεσσίας ἐλεύσεται σὺν τοῖς ἀγγέλοις αὐτοῦ.
3. ἀμαρτωλοὶ μέν ἐστε, γενήσεσθε δὲ υἱοὶ τοῦ θεοῦ.
4. τότε γνώσονται ὅτι αὐτός ἐστιν ὁ κύριος.
5. λήψεσθε καὶ τὰ δῶρα καὶ τοὺς οἴκους.
6. οὐδὲ ἐγὼ ταῦτα γνώσομαι.
7. αἱ ἡμέραι αἱ κακαὶ ἐλεύσονται.
8. τὰ τέκνα βλέψει τὸν ἄγγελον ἐν τῇ ἐκκλησίᾳ.
9. κηρύξουσι τὸ εὐαγγέλιον καὶ δέξονται ἁμαρτωλοὺς μετὰ χαρᾶς.
10. οἱ μαθηταὶ ἀκούσουσι τῆς φωνῆς τοῦ κυρίου αὐτῶν καὶ ἄξουσι τὰ τέκνα πρὸς αὐτόν.
11. ἐσόμεθα σὺν αὐτῷ ἐν τῇ βασιλείᾳ αὐτοῦ.
12. εἶ πονηρός, ἀλλ̓ ἔσῃ ἀγαθός.

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