LESSON 21
THIRD DECLENSION VOWEL STEM

Vocabulary

Greek	Meaning	Notes
ἀνάστασις, ἀναστσέως, ἡ	resurrection	Cognate: Anastasia
γνῶσις, γνώσεως, ἡ	knowledge
δύναμις, δυνάμεως, ἡ	power	Cognate: dynamite
κρίσις, κρίσεως, ἡ	judgment	Cognate: critic, crisis
πίστις, πίστεως, ἡ	faith
πόλις, πόλεως, ἡ	city	metropolitan, political
ἄστυ, ἄστεως, τό	town
στάσις, στάσεως, ἡ	dissension
ἱερεύς, ἱερέως, ὁ	priest
ἀρχιερεύς, ἀρχιερέως, ὁ	chief priest
βασιλεύς, βασιλέως, ὁ	king
γραμματεύς, γραμματέως, ὁ	scribe
ἁλιεύς, ἁλιέως, ὀ	fisherman
ἰχθύς, ἰχθύος, ὁ	fish
στάχυς, στάχυος, ὁ	ear of corn
δάκρυ, δάκρυος, τό	teardrop
ναῦς, νεώς, ἡ	ship	nautical
βοῦς, βοός, ὁ or ἡ	bull, cow	bossy

Lexical Study

1. Third declension vowel stem nouns end in ι, υ, or a diphthong and follow a similar pattern as the previously studied third declensions.

The ι stem nouns

	Sing.	Plur.	Sing.	Plur.	Sing.	Plur.
NOM	πίστις	πίστεις	δύναμις	δυνάμεις	πόλις	πόλεις
GEN	πίστεως	πίστεων	δυνάμεως	δυνάμεων	πόλεως	πόλεων
DAT	πίστει	πίστεσι	δυνάμει	δυνάμεσι	πόλει	πόλεσι
ACC	πίστιν	πίστεις	δύναμιν	δυνάμεις	πόλιν	πόλεις
VOC	πίστι	πίστεις	δύναμι	δυνάμεις	πόλι	πόλεις

1. 1. They are all feminine
   2. The stem is found by removing the ς in the Nominative singular
   3. ε replaces the final ι except in the Nominative, Accusative, and Vocative singular.
   4. ε unites with ι in the Dative singular to form a diphthong
   5. εις in the Nominative plural and Accusative plural is the result of the contraction of εες and εας respectively
   6. The accent of the Genitive singular and plural is irregular.

The υ stem nouns

	Sing.	Plur.	Sing.	Plur.	Sing.	Plur.
NOM	ἰχθύς, ὁ	ἰχθύες	ἄστυ, τό	ἄστη	δάκυ, τό	δάκη
GEN	ἰχθύος	ἰχθύων	ἄστεως	ἄστεων	δάκεως	δάκεων
DAT	ἰχθύι	ἰχθὐσι	ἄστει	ἄστεσι	δάκει	δάκεσι
ACC	ἰχθύν	ἰχθύας or ἰχθῦς	ἄστυ	ἄστη	δάκυ	δάκη
VOC	ἰχθύ	ἰχθύες	ἄστυ	ἄστη	δάκυ	δάκη

1. The υ stem nouns of the third declension are
   1. Mostly masculine
   2. A few are feminine
   3. Very few neuter: δάκρυ and ἄστυ
   4. The stem is found by dropping the ς of the Nominative singular (except for the neuter word which already lacks the ς).

The diphthong stem nouns

	Sing.	Plur.	Sing.	Plur.	Sing.	Plur.	Sing.	Plur.
NOM	ἱερεύς	ἱερεῖς	βασιλεύς	βασιλεῖς	βοῦς	βόες	ναῦς	νῆες
GEN	ἱερέως	ἱερέων	βασιλέως	βασιλέων	βοός	βοῶν	νεώς	νεῶν
DAT	ἱερεῖ	ἱερεῦσι	βασιλεῖ	βασιλεῦσι	βοΐ	βουσί	νηΐ	ναυσί
ACC	ἱερέα	ἱερεῖς	βασιλέα	βασιλέας	βοῦν	βοῦς	ναῦν	ναῦς
VOC	ἱερεῦ	ἱερεῖς	βασιλεῦ	βασιλεῖς	βοῦ	βόες	ναῦ	νῆες

1. Those that end in ευς are all masculine
2. Locate the stem by removing the ς of the Nominative singular
3. The final υ of the stem is dropped before an ending with a vowel
4. In the Dative singular and the Nominative and Accusative plural, the same combinations as are found in the ι stem nouns appear.

Translate the following:

1. οἱ μαθηταὶ τοῦ κυρίου ἐσθίουσι ἄρτον καὶ ἰχθὺν καὶ στάχυας.
2. ὁ μεσσίας ἐκήρυσσε τὸ εὐαγγέλιον τοῖς ἁλιεῦσι καὶ οἱ ἀρχιερεῖς καὶ οἱ γραμματεῖς ἔπεμπον τοὺς δούλους αὐτῶν ἀκούειν αὐτόν.
3. ἐσώθημεν τῇ χάριτι διὰ πίστεως.
4. ἐν τῇ πόλει ὁ βασιλεὺς μένει, οἱ δὲ ἁλιεῖς παρὰ τῇ θαλάσσῃ
5. ὁ θεὸς ἔχει τὴν δύναμιν κρίσεως ἐν τῷ κόσμῳ καὶ ἐν τῷ οὐρανῷ.
6. οἱ ἱερεῖς γινώσκουσι τὸν νόμον, ἀλλ̓ οὐ γινώσκουσι χάριν καὶ πίστιν.
7. ἐν τῇ ἀναστάσει τοῦ χριστοῦ ἐλάβομεν ζωὴν καὶ εἰρήνην.
8. στάσις ἐν τῇ ἐκκλησίᾳ ἐστὶ κακή.
9. ὁ βασιλεὺς ὁ ἀγαθὸς βλέπει τὴν ἡμέραν τοῦ κυρίου.
10. λήμψεσθε δύναμιν ἀπὸ τοῦ θεοῦ καὶ ἔσεσθε οἱ μαθηταὶ αὐτοῦ.

---

¹