INTRODUCTION
- Paul says that God sent forth His Son at the "fullness of time" (Gal. 5:4).
- There were many factors which contributed to making this time ideal.
- There were Roman roads which allowed for quicker transportation.
- There were many merchant ships which moved both goods and people around the Mediterranean Sea.
- There was a common ruling body.
- But, most importantly, there was a common language: Greek.
- You might think that almost any language would be suitable for communicating the Gospel, but such was not the case.
- It is true that Aramaic was spoken by Jesus and His disciples, but it was too local.
- A religion that was destined by God to reach the world needed to be communicated in a world-wide language.
- Classical Greek would not be suitable because it was the language of the upper-class in wealth, culture, and refinement.
- Christianity had a message of hope to the uneducated, the poor, and the oppressed.
- Classical Greek could never reach the general populace.
- At the same time, the upper-class could still understand the common Greek.
- Latin, at this time, was spoken only by a few in what is now Italy.
- The Greek language was ideal because of its inflection, exact vocabulary, precision of tenses, and its clarity.
- Take the Hebrew language, for instance, as a contrast with Greek.
- When you read Psalm 119, you quickly discover that the psalmist must have written this psalm with a Hebrew thesaurus on his lap.
- Look at the many different words he uses to refer to Scripture.
- There really does not seem to be much distinction between these words.
- They are used interchangeably.
- Even in English we use one word which may have two different meanings.
- Do you remember the child's joke: "Who has more power than Superman?" The answer: "A policeman, he can stop a whole line of cars with one hand."
- The Greeks, however, distinguished power as strength from power as authority by using two different words.
- They were never used interchangeably.
- Prior to the writing of the New Testament, Greece was not a unified country.
- There were many autonomous city-states separated by rugged terrain.
- In order to maintain their individuality, they fought with each other.
- Each area had its own dialect and orthography (way of forming the letters).
- The prominant dialect, Attic, became the language of culture and philosophy.
- But there were other dialects just as popular: the Aeolic, the Boeotian, the Doric, and the Ionic.
- Two factors brought the [koy-NAY] Greek language into prominence.
- First, Philip of Macedon unified the Greek states around 350 B.C.
- As a result these states were no longer isolated and distinctives of dialect began to disappear.
- Second, Alexander the Great began a rapid conquering of the world.
- Greek culture circled the Mediterranean world and stretched into Asia Minor and even into Persia.
- When Alexander assembled an army from various parts of Greece and Macedonia, the recruits had many differences in dialect and orthography; but these were merged into a popularized language and became the common language spoken by all.
- This common language not only influenced the Greek army and Greek colonies, but it also affected the Jews of the Diaspora who were to translate the Old Testament into Greek.
- We refer to this translation as the Septuagint (LXX).
- The corresponding influence of the Septuagint upon the New Testament is significant.
- The language
was popular from about 300 B.C. to 330 A.D.